The mayhem in Rwanda/Congo had to do with the following:
- the end of the Cold War
- the disintegration of Françafrique
- U.S. fear and incompetence after Somalia and the Rwandan genocide, and "genocide guilt" which gave the RPF/RPA a blank cheque
- the fall of Mobutu, after the invasion of the RPA and their continental allies
- the nature of Kagame and the RPF/RPA, ignored or mistunderstood by Western allies and NGOs after the genocide (understandable for a time, maybe)
- Museveni's war against the LRA and Sudan in Uganda
- the Angolan civil war, with the MPLA and UNITA alliances that divided the belligerents in the Congolese wars and infested both
- the ethnic disintegration of Congo-Brazzaville and CAR at exactly the same time as the Rwandan genocide and subsequent related/follow-on Congolose wars
- the Tutsi/Hutu schisms in Rwanda/Burundi
- Zambia's multiple alliances in a doomed attempt to maintain relative tranquility
- Mugabe's desperate lunge to prop up his regime with lucrative looting in the Congo (failed drastically)
- the Sudanese civil war, and the NIF attempt to rout the SPLA, attack Uganda and spread Islamism across the continent
- chaos, incompentence and impotence among UN forces in the early '90s
- lack of international public interest and understanding in the Congolese war and an inability to connect it to Rwandan genocide
- ditto, with regard to refugee camps following this catastrophe
- the compromised and unhelpful position of aid agencies in above
- the non-state interests of (and deals made by) mining and oil companies
- the fear of the economic and political power of resurgent South Africa under the ANC (see particularly Mugabe)
- the meddling of Gaddafi's Libya, inserting troops from Chad on a whim
- the fractious, unstable and complex nature of the North and South Kivu
- the Kabilas, father and son
- Jean-Pierre Bembe
- the post-Cold War African democratic elections, intersecting with tribal, local, national interests and constellations, particularly Congo 2006
- IMF HIPC status, very important for Uganda
- etc, etc.
The machines involved included guns, tanks and fighter jets.
Mr Curtis has exactly nothing to say about any of this.