Vim, you seem blinded by this obsession with 'liberalism'.
Perhaps I am, I dunno. I find post Enlightenment history and the trajectory of society interesting. Your mileage may vary, as in all things.
There was a strucural break in the Enlightenment, when people began to apply
rationalism to both to man and to society itself. This gave rise to the "politics of reason".
If you don't give a name to the new politics, then it's not easy to talk about it. If you don't want to talk about, then this is no big deal. But if you do, then you need to find wrods for it.
Democracy is a central idea to the new approach, not simply in the sense of a mechanism for selecting leaders, but as a philosophy of government. Society is ordered for the benefit of
The People, and not according to a transcendent or natural law.
From there you could go in different directions. One direction is nationalism, and later, fascism. Another direction is universalism, and communism. Another direction still is liberalism. If you'd rather call it something else, that's fine, but liberalism is the most appropriate term, it seems to me. (From Wikipedia: "Liberalism (from the Latin liberalis) is a political philosophy or worldview founded on the ideas of
liberty and equality.")
One way to think about it is as "modernity". But modernity is bigger than liberalism--modernity contains a politics, but it contains other things as well. Mark Anderson's definition of modernity is,
Modernity: reductivist methodology; empiricist epistemology; materialist ontology; mechanistic physics; hedonistic ethics; radical politics.
But that's very broad. It seems like it would be better to be more specific, since it's politics that's the focus here.
Also, your persistent naivety wrt to recent mid eastern adventures is almost endearing.
I think you are rather missing the point here...